Subjunctive Verbs

SUBJUNCTIVE VERBS

Explanation: a great jumble of woulds, shoulds, and coulds (a.k.a. "confusing")
-They are only in the present, perfect, imperfect, and pluperfect tenses
-As of right now, I have only learned the imperfect and pluperfect active and passive tenses

Imperfect (Active): (was/were + "ing")

Present Active Infinitive +:

Person	Singular	Plural
1	m	mus
2	s	tis
3	t	nt

Imperfect (Passive): (was/were being + "ed")

Present Active Infinitive +:

Person	Singular	Plural
1	r	mur
2	ris	mini
3	tur	ntur

Pluperfect (Active): (had + "ed")

Perfect Active Infinitive +:

Person	Singular	Plural
1	m	mus
2	s	tis
3	t	nt

Pluperfect (Passive): (had been + "ed")

Perfect Passive Participle + "esse" +:

Person	Singular	Plural
1	eram	eramus
2	eras	eratis
3	erat	erant

Present (Active): ("ed")

Take Present Stem, use this table:

1st: "a" changes	->	"e"
2nd: "e" changes	->	"ea"
3rd: "e" changes	->	"a"
4th: "i" changes	->	"ia"

to change the conjugation identification vowel to the proper one, and then addd these endings:

Person	Singular	Plural
1	m	mus
2	s	tis
3	t	nt

Example: portat = "is carrying" / portet = "carried" (subjunctive Present Active)

Present (Passive): (was/were being + "ed")

Take Present Stem, use this table:

1st: "a" changes	->	"e"
2nd: "e" changes	->	"ea"
3rd: "e" changes	->	"a"
4th: "i" changes	->	"ia"

to change the conjugation identification vowel to the proper one, and then addd these endings:

Person	Singular	Plural
1	r	mur
2	ris	mini
3	tur	ntur

Example: portar = "is being carried" / porter = "was/were being carried"

Perfect (Active): ("ed")

Perfect Stem +:

Person	Singular	Plural
1	erim	erimus
2	eris	eritis
3	erit	erint

Perfect (Passive): (have been + "ed")

Perfect Passive Participle (4th part of verb) + "sim" (e.g. "portatus sim" = "I have been carried")

Uses of Subjunctives:

"Cum" Causal: a cause and effect relationship is inferred ("cum" = 'since/because')
"Cum" Circumstantial: usually inferring a time and place ("cum" = 'when')
Indirect Question: includes 1) Verb of asking (e.g. "rogat"); 2) Question word
-statement without a question mark: "He asked who I was."

Result Clause: if you see any of these words:

adeo, adv., so much, to such an extent	tam, adv., so
ita, adv., thus, in such a way	tantus, -a, -um, adv. so much
sic, adv., thus, in this way	tantum, adv., so much
talis, -is, -e, such	tot, indecl. adj., so many

, the sentance may later contain an "ut" (translated as "that") - then you will see a clause with
a result; use a subjunctive verb in these clauses.

Note: After the name of the type of the subjunctive mentioned above (e.g. Imperfect (Active):
(was/were+ "ing")), I have placed the literal english translation for handy reference.

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