PARTICIPLES



Here is a chart of all the participles in latin (refer to individual charts
below for more detail about individual participles):
Active Passive
Present Tense Verb stem + "ns" or "nt" + present endings (see below) (translation = "_ing") N/A
Perfect Tense <Deponents> 4th Part of verb + "us, a, um" endings (translation = "having been" + "_ed")
Future Tense 4th Part of verb + "ur" + "us, a, um" endings (translation = "about to...")
Present Active Participle

For a Present Active Participle, take the stem of a verb, add "ns" for Masculine, Feminine, and Neuter Nominatives, and Neuter Accusatives, or add "nt" and an ending from the chart below for all other cases and genders.

Sing. Masc. Fem. Neut.
Nom. (ns) (ns) (ns)
Gen. is is is
Dat. i i i
Acc. em em (ns)
Abl. i/e i/e i/e
Plural
-
-
-
Nom. es es ia
Gen. ium ium ium
Dat. ibus ibus ibus
Acc. es es ia
Abl. ibus ibus ibus

Note about "i/e" for Ablatives: When the participle is used as an adjective, use i; when the participle is used as a verbal adjective or substantive, use e

Translation: Nominative: "Parans" = "preparing" - Genitive: "Parantis = "preparing"

Pretty Easy, eh?

Perfect Passive Participle

Much more simple to remember, a Perfect Passive Participle is just a 4th part of a verb using it's "us, a, um" (adjective endings of 1st/2nd declensions) endings to modify a noun or pronoun; it must agree in case, number or gender.

Translation: use "having been" + "_ed" -> "Coquus vocatus ab ombibus laudatus est." translates to "The cook, having been summoned, was praised by everyone."

Future Active Participle

For these, just take the 4th part of your verb, and before adding the "us, a, um" endings (see Perfect Passive Participle above), put in a "ur" (example: "portaturus")

Translation: just say "about to _" -> "moritura" translates to "about to die"

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